The Role of Cybersecurity Awareness in Reducing the Complexity Impact of Authentication Methods on End-Users’ Behavior

Abstract

As cyber threats continue to grow, organizations increasingly rely on complex authentication methods such as multi-factor authentication and biometric systems to protect sensitive information. Although these mechanisms strengthen security, many users experience them as difficult and disruptive, which can negatively influence compliance and everyday work practices. This study examines whether cybersecurity awareness can help reduce the perceived complexity of authentication methods and improve end-user behavior. Using a mixed-methods design, data were collected through a survey of 300 participants from different sectors, semi-structured interviews with 20 users, a controlled experiment, and a six-month follow-up study. The findings show that users who received cybersecurity awareness training reported lower levels of perceived complexity and higher compliance with authentication requirements than those without training. In particular, trained users demonstrated a noticeable improvement in their willingness to follow secure authentication procedures. Interview results further suggest that awareness programs help users better understand the purpose of security measures, reducing frustration and resistance. Overall, the study highlights the importance of human and behavioral factors in cybersecurity and shows that awareness initiatives can play a key role in improving both security practices and user experience.